Somatostatin

DCTPepD ID  DCTPepD0008

Active Ingredients   Somatostatin

Description  Somatostatin, also known as growth hormone-inhibiting hormone, is a naturally-occurring peptide hormone of 14 or 28 amino acid residues that regulates the endocrine system. It is secreted by the D cells of the islets to inhibit the release of insulin and glucagon, and is also generated in the hypothalamus, where it inhibits the release of growth hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormones from the anterior pituitary. Somatostatin is initially secreted as a 116 amino acid precursor, preprosomatostatin, which undergoes endoproteolytic cleavage to prosomastatin. Prosomastatin is further process into two active forms, somatostatin-14 (SST-14) and somatostatin-28 (SST-28), an extended SST-14 sequence to the N-terminus. The actions of somatostatin are mediated via signalling pathways of G protein-coupled somatostatin receptors. Antineoplastic effects and potential uses of somatostatin on various tumours, including pituitary adenomas, GEP-NETs, paragangliomas, carcinoids, breast cancers, malignant lymphoma and small-cell lung cancers, have been extensively investigated. Somatostatin has been used in the clinical setting for the diagnosis of acromegaly and gastrointestinal tract tumours. Its analogues have been developed to achieve more favourable kinetics for efficiency use in the management of acute conditions, such as esophageal varices. Octreotide is a long-acting analogue of somatostatin that inhibits the release of a number of hormones, and is clinically used to relieve symptoms of uncommon gastroenteropancreatic endocrine tumours, as well as treat acromegaly.

Synonyms  AY 24910; GH-RIH; Growth Hormone Inhibiting Hormone; Panhibin; Recombinant Somatostatin; Somatostatin

Disease  Various tumours, Oesophageal varices haemorrhage, Gastritis haemorrhagic, Acromegaly

Classification

  

Somatostatin and analogues Peptide and derivative Hormone and analogue Cyclic

Structure Information


Molecular Formula  C76H104N18O19S2

Molecular Weight  1637.895

Active Sequence  AGCKNFFWKTFTSC

Sequence Length  14

Modification  None

Structure

 

Show IUPAC/InChI/SMILES

IUPAC Name  (4R,7S,10S,13S,16S,19S,22S,25S,28S,31S,34S,37R)-19,34-bis(4-aminobutyl)-37-{2-[(2S)-2-aminopropanamido]acetamido}-13,25,28-tribenzyl-31-(carbamoylmethyl)-10,16-bis[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-7-(hydroxymethyl)-22-[(1H-indol-3-yl)methyl]-6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,33,36-undecaoxo-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32,35-undecaazacyclooctatriacontane-4-carboxylic acid

InChI  InChI=1S/C76H104N18O19S2/c1-41(79)64(100)82-37-61(99)83-58-39-114-115-40-59(76(112)113)92-72(108)57(38-95)91-75(111)63(43(3)97)94-71(107)54(33-46-23-11-6-12-24-46)90-74(110)62(42(2)96)93-66(102)51(28-16-18-30-78)84-69(105)55(34-47-36-81-49-26-14-13-25-48(47)49)88-68(104)53(32-45-21-9-5-10-22-45)86-67(103)52(31-44-19-7-4-8-20-44)87-70(106)56(35-60(80)98)89-65(101)50(85-73(58)109)27-15-17-29-77/h4-14,19-26,36,41-43,50-59,62-63,81,95-97H,15-18,27-35,37-40,77-79H2,1-3H3,(H2,80,98)(H,82,100)(H,83,99)(H,84,105)(H,85,109)(H,86,103)(H,87,106)(H,88,104)(H,89,101)(H,90,110)(H,91,111)(H,92,108)(H,93,102)(H,94,107)(H,112,113)/t41-,42+,43+,50-,51-,52-,53-,54-,55-,56-,57-,58-,59-,62-,63-/m0/s1

InChI_Key NHXLMOGPVYXJNR-ATOGVRKGSA-N

SMILES  C[C@@H](C(NCC(N[C@H]1CSSC[C@H](NC([C@@H](NC([C@@H](NC([C@@H](NC([C@@H](NC([C@@H](NC([C@@H](NC([C@@H](NC([C@@H](NC([C@@H](NC([C@@H](NC1=O)CCCCN)=O)CC(N)=O)=O)CC2=CC=CC=C2)=O)CC3=CC=CC=C3)=O)CC4=CNC5=CC=CC=C45)=O)CCCCN)=O)[C@H](O)C)=O)CC6=CC=CC=C6)=O)[C@H](O)C)=O)CO)=O)C(O)=O)=O)=O)N

External Codes


PubChem CID  16129706

DrugBank Accession Number  DB09099

NCI Thesaurus Code  C836  

UNII  6E20216Q0L   GSRS

CAS  38916-34-6



Drug approval


Drug indication
    For the symptomatic treatment of acute bleeding from esophageal varices, gastrointestinal ulcers, and gastritis; prevent pancreatic complications after surgery; and restrict secretions of the upper intestine, pancreas, and biliary tract. Somatostatin have been extensively investigated for use/treatment in various tumours, including pituitary adenomas, GEP-NETs, paragangliomas, carcinoids, breast cancers, malignant lymphoma and small-cell lung cancers.

Drug Name Strength Dosage Form/Route Company Marketing Status Drug ID Approval year
Stilamin - Pws Iv 3Mg/Amp 3 mg/amp Solution; Intravenous Emd Serono A Division Of Emd Inc Canada Discontinued DIN: 02125277 1997
Stilamin - Pws Liq Iv 250 mcg/kit Solution; Intravenous Emd Serono A Division Of Emd Inc Canada Discontinued DIN: 02125269 1997

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier Title Condition or disease Phase Purpose
NCT01053390 A Phase III Study of New Chemotherapy Regimen in the Treatment of Advanced Gallbladder Carcinoma Gallbladder Neoplasms Phase 3 Treatment
NCT02631616 Treatment With Sandostatin in Patients With Castrate Resistance Prostate Cancer Showing Uptake of 68Ga-DOTATET Prostatic Neoplasms Phase 1 Treatment
NCT01914692 Application of Somatostatin for Advanced Gastric Cancer After D2 Lymph Node Dissection -a Prospective Randomized Controlled Study Gastric Cancer After D2 Lymph Node Dissection Phase 4 Treatment
NCT01053390 A Phase III Study of New Chemotherapy Regimen in the Treatment of Advanced Gallbladder Carcinoma Gallbladder Neoplasms Phase 3 Treatment
NCT03000946 Prevention of Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula by SOMATOSTATIN Compared to OCTREOTIDE: Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Study Pancreatic Surgery Phase 3 Prevention

    More clinical information is obtained from ClinicalTrials.gov.





DCTPep is developed by Dr.Zheng's team.